The ambiguous legal territory of AI development, where YouTube videos transform into machine learning fuel.
In a recent piece by The New York Times, various strategies businesses have adopted to navigate the ambiguous territory of AI copyright law were highlighted. The report began with a focus on OpenAI, which, in its quest for adequate training data, is said to have created the Whisper audio transcription model. This initiative allowed for the transcription of more than a million hours of YouTube content to advance the development of GPT-4, their latest and most sophisticated large language model.
And… YouTube demands answers on Sora’s training data.
Did OpenAI really use YouTube videos to train Sora?
According to The New York Times, OpenAI was aware of the potential legal challenges but justified the action as fair use. Greg Brockman, the president of OpenAI, played a key role in the acquisition of video content for this purpose, as noted by the Times.
The article further mentioned that by 2021, the organization had depleted its resources of beneficial data, leading to considerations of transcribing YouTube clips, podcasts, and audiobooks after exhausting other avenues. By this stage, the training for its models had already incorporated data from sources like Github’s computer code, databases of chess strategies, and educational materials from Quizlet.
Matt Bryant, a spokesperson for Google, communicated to The Verge via email that there have been “seen unconfirmed reports” regarding OpenAI’s actions. He reminded that Google’s robots.txt files and Terms of Service clearly forbid the unauthorized collection or download of YouTube materials, reaffirming the company’s usage policies. Similarly, Neal Mohan, the CEO of YouTube, voiced concerns this week about the alleged utilization of YouTube data for training OpenAI’s Sora, a video generation model. Bryant emphasized that Google enforces technical and legal measures to curb such unauthorized activities, provided there’s a solid legal or technical ground for intervention.
According to sources cited by the Times, Google also extracted transcripts from YouTube videos. Bryant mentioned that the company has utilized some YouTube content for training its models, adhering to agreements with YouTube creators.
The Times reported that Google’s legal department advised its privacy team to modify the wording of its policy to broaden the scope of consumer data usage, including services like Google Docs. It’s noted that the updated policy was strategically released on July 1st, aiming to leverage the distraction caused by the Independence Day holiday weekend.
Similarly, Meta faced challenges with accessing adequate training data, and the Times obtained recordings where its AI team discussed the unauthorized use of copyrighted material in an effort to keep pace with OpenAI.
Google, OpenAI, and others in the AI development sphere are dealing with the diminishing availability of quality training data for their models, which improve with increased data consumption.
OpenAI’s journey has been marked by breakthroughs, but also by legal and ethical gray areas. The YouTube transcription controversy underscores the complexities of copyright when training advanced AI models. As tools like Sora enter Hollywood, the company faces even tougher scrutiny. Can Altman navigate these hurdles or is he already replaced?
Featured image credit: Andrew Neel/Unsplash
